Severnij Polyus Prezentaciya

The ( Oryzomys palustris), a relative of O. peninsulae from the eastern United States It is uncertain how Oryzomys peninsulae arrived at its recent locale in Baja California Sur. In 1922, Nelson suggested that it may have been from another part of Mexico in a shipment of farm products, but this hypothesis is disproved by the clear differentiation from other western Mexican Oryzomys that the species exhibits. The species's range may be in nature: while Oryzomys is currently found along the eastern coast of the only as far north as coastal southern, the past distribution of the genus may have extended further northward, perhaps even into the southwestern, and from there south into Baja California.

Pyrrhura is a genus of parrots in the Arini tribe. Crack cad 2017. They occur in tropical and subtropical South America and southern Central America ( Panama and Costa Rica ). Most are restricted to humid forest and adjacent habitats, but one species, the blaze-winged parakeet, prefers deciduous or gallery woodland, and another.

Subsequent disappearance of Oryzomys from the northern regions would have led to its observed, with O. peninsulae isolated on the peninsula. This possibility is supported by the relatively close resemblance between O. peninsulae and O. couesi mexicanus, from coastal western Mexico. Alternatively, the ancestor of Oryzomys peninsulae may have arrived by during the late, about six million years ago, when the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula was an island located near what is now and in western Mexico. Some plants and birds from the area may have a similar heritage. Footnotes [ ].

Contents • • • • • • • Overview [ ] 'NP' carry out the program of complex year-round research in the fields of, ice studies,,,,,,. On average, an 'NP' station is the host for 600 to 650 ocean depth measurements, 3500 to 3900 complex meteorology measurements, 1200 to 1300 temperature measurements and sea water probes for, and 600 to 650 launches.,, ice and other observations are also carried out there.

Regular measurements of the ice floe coordinates provide the data on the direction and speed of its drift. The modern 'NP' drifting ice station resembles a small settlement with housing for polar explorers and special buildings for the scientific equipment. Usually an 'NP' station begins operations in April and continues for two or three years until the reaches the. Polar explorers are substituted yearly. Since 1937 some 800 people were drifting at 'NP' stations.

There are two groups of 'NP' stations: • stations, drifting on the (i.e. Relatively thin and short-lived ice):'NP-1' through 'NP-5', 'NP-7' through 'NP-17', 'NP-20', 'NP-21' • stations, drifting on ice islands ( fragments, that were split from the shore): 'NP-6', 'NP-18', 'NP-19', 'NP-22'. All 'NP' stations are organized by the Russian (former Soviet) (AARI). History [ ] An idea to use the for the exploration of nature in the high latitudes of the belongs to, who fulfilled it on between 1893 and 1896. The first stations to use drift ice as means of scientific exploration of the Arctic originated in the in 1937, when the first such station in the world,, started operations.

North Pole-1 was established on May 21, 1937 some 20 km from the by the expedition into the high latitudes., led. 'NP-1' operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe travelled 2,850 kilometres.

On February 19, 1938, Soviet and took off four polar explorers from the station, who immediately became famous in the USSR and were awarded titles:, geophysicist, and their leader. Since 1954 Soviet 'NP' stations worked continuously, with one to three such stations operating simultaneously each year. The total distance drifted between 1937 and 1973 was over 80,000 kilometres. Is particularly notable for its record drift, lasting nine years. On June 28, 1972 the ice floe with passed over the North Pole for the first time ever.

During such long-term observations by 'NP' stations, a lot of important discoveries in were made, valuable conclusions on regularities and the connection between processes in the polar region of the 's and were obtained. Some of the most important discoveries were finding the deep-water, which crosses the Arctic Ocean, other large features of the ocean bottom's relief, the discovery of two systems of the drift (circular and 'wash-out'), the fact of ' active penetration into the. The last Soviet 'NP' station,, was closed in July 1991. In the post-Soviet era, Russian exploration of the Arctic by drifting ice stations was suspended for twelve years. The year 2003 was notable for Russia's return into the Arctic. As of 2006, three 'NP' stations had carried out scientific measurements and research since then: 'NP-32' through 'NP-34'.